In a Linux System, every process has a status expressed with the 'STAT' column in output of the 'ps' command. 'ps' command displays an uppercase letter for the process state.
Here are the different values for the output specifiers:
D uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
R running or runnable (on run queue)
S interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)
T stopped, either by a job control signal or because it is being traced
W paging (not valid since the 2.6.xx kernel)
X dead (should never be seen)
Z defunct ("zombie") process, terminated but not reaped by its parent
for illustration, an example output of a 'ps' command:
$ ps -eo state,pid,user,cmd
S 1 root /sbin/init
S 5274 root smbd -F
D 4668 postgres postgres: wal writer process
S 7282 root nmbd -D
S 7349 root /usr/sbin/winbindd -F
R 11676 postfix cleanup -z -t unix -u
S 25354 _graphi+ (wsgi:_graphite) -k start
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